Sitting Biomechanics Publications

Makhsous, M., Högfors, C., Siemien¢ski, A., Peterson, B. (1999). Total Shoulder and Relative Muscle Strength in the Scapular Plane.  J. Biomechanics, 32, 1213-1220.

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Hendrix, R.W., Hepler, M., Zhang, L-Q. (2003). Sitting with adjustable ischial and back supports: Biomechanical changes . Spine, 28(11): 1113-1122. June 1. (the Spine have invited Dr. Noshir Langrana to prepare a point of view to accompany this paper).

Lin, A.F., Makhsous, M., Chang, A.H., Hendrix, R.W., Zhang, L-Q. (2003) In vivo and noninvasive six-DOF patellar tracking during voluntary knee movement , Clinical Biomechanics, 18(5), 401-9.

Nam, E.K., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Bowen, M.K., Nuber, G., Zhang, L-Q. (2004) Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of Osteochondral Transplantation in a Rabbit Model,  American Journal of Sports Medicine, 32(2).

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Zhang, L-Q.(2004) Multi-axis Passive and Active Stiffnesses of the Glenohumeral joint,  Clinical Biomechanics, 19(2), 107-15.

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Koh, J.L., Nuber, G.W., Zhang, L-Q. (2004). In-vivo & noninvasive load sharing among the vastus components in patellar malalignment knees. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, Vol. 36, No. 10, pp. 1768–1775.

MAKHSOUS, M., HENDRIX, R., CROWTHER, Z., NAM, E., LIN, F. Reducing whole-body vibration and musculoskeletal injury with a new car seat design, Ergonomics, 48 (9), 1183-99, 2005

Ge Wu, Frans C.T. van der Helm, H.E.J. Veeger, Mohsen Makhsous, Peter Van Roy, Carolyn Anglin, Jochem Nagels, R.K. Karduna, Kevin McQuade, Xuguang Wang, Frederick W. Werner, Bryan Buchholz, The Standardization and Terminology Committee, The International Society of Biomechanics ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint Coordinate Systems of Various Joints for the Reporting of Human Joint Motion - Part II: Shoulder, Elbow, Wrist and Hand, Journal of Biomechanics , (Submitted May 25, 2004).

Makhsous, M., Patel, J., Lin, F., Taylor, E., Crowther, Z. (2004) Tissue Perfusion Recovery Time and Skin Temperature Elevation in a Wheelchair using Automated Control of Ischial and Lumbar supports, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, (in preparation).

Makhsous, M., Taylor, E., Crowther, Z., Patel, J., Lin, F., Taylor, S. (2004) Posture Stability and safety in Wheelchair Bound Patients Using a New Seating Design, Arch Phys Med Rehabil, (in preparation).

Makhsous, M., Högfors, C., Lin, F. 02-28-2002. US Patent Number 6,450,027; International Publication No: WO 02/15790 A1 "Device for determining a strength profile of a human limb."

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Nam, E. (Pending) Application # 10/856,612 "Seat subportion adjustable in relative height and/or angle and backrest adjustable in shape based on user contact pressure."

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Taylor, S.J., US patent application filed on Feb 28, 2005, “Back support system for wheelchair”.

Makhsous, M., Peterson, B. (1994) A Computer Package for the Shoulder Model. IIV^th International Symposium on 3-D Analysis of Human Movement, Stockholm, Sweden, 1994, PP: 39-42.

Makhsous, M., Peterson, B., Siemien ski, A., Högfors, C. (1995) A Computer Package for the Shoulder Model. Vth International Symposium on Computer Simulation in Biomechanics, Jyväskylä, Finland, 1995, PP: 78-79.

Siemien ski, A., Högfors, C., Karlsson, D., Peterson, B., Makhsous, M., Kadefors, R., (1995) Towards an experimental validation of a shoulder model, Biomechanics seminar 9, 1995; PP: 87-104. (ISSN 1100-2247)

Makhsous, M., Högfors, C., Siemien ski, A., Peterson, B. (1996) Strength profiles of the Shoulder. 1st Conference of the International Shoulder Group. Delft, The Netherlands; 1996; pp: 59-64.

Makhsous, M., Högfors, C., Karlsson, D. (1997) Mechanics and control of the acromio-clavicular joint. Biomechanics seminar, 10, 1997; PP: 23-28. (ISSN 1100-2247)

Högfors, C., Makhsous, M., (1997) Measuring responses to precision requirements. Biomechanics seminar,10, 1997; PP: 35-40. (ISSN 1100-2247)

Makhsous, M., Palmerud, G., Ericson, K., Högfors, C. (1998)  Influence of Tonus, Elastic stress and Submaximality in Static contraction of Shoulder Muscles, Studia I Monografie AWF we Wroclawiu, 55, 1998; PP: 41-48. (ISSN 0239-6009) 

Palmerud, G., Makhsous, M., Sporrong, H., Herberts, P., Högfors, C., Kadefors, R., (1998) Estimation of the Load Sharing Pattern in the Shoulder - A Comparison Between Electromyographical Measurements and Biomechanical Model Calculations. Biomechanical and Ergonomic Considerations on Shoulder Muscle Load. (Ph.D thesis). Dept. of Orthopaedics, Institute of Surgical Sciences, Gothenburg, Sweden (ISBN: 91-628-2879-7) 

Makhsous, M., Högfors, C. (2000) The role of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments as displayed by a shoulder model. 2^nd Congress of the International Shoulder Group, Abstracts in Clinical Biomechanics 15 Suppl. 1, 2000; pp: S51

Palmerud, G., Makhsous, M., Sporrong, H., Herberts, P., Högfors, C., Kadefors, R., (2000) A comparison between electromyographical measurements and Biomechanical Model Calculations of the human shoulder. 2^nd Congress of the International Shoulder Group, Abstracts in Clinical Biomechanics 15 Suppl. 1, 2000; pp: S53

Makhsous, M., Zhang, L.-Q., Lin, F., Levin, S., Högfors, C., Nuber, G. (2000) Passive Restraining Forces by the Glenohumeral Capsuloligaments.  3^rd meeting of the International Shoulder Group, Newcastle Upon Tyne, September 4-6, 2000; pp: 13-17. 

Zhang, L.-Q., Xu, D., Makhsous, M., Lin, F., (2000) Stiffness and Viscous Damping of the Human Leg. 24^th Annual Meeting of the ASB, 2000; pp: 65-66.

Makhsous, M., Zhang, L.-Q., Lin, F. (2001) RESTRAINING FORCE FIELD OF THE GLENOHUMERAL CAPSULOLIGAMENTS. 25^th Annual Meeting of the ASB, 2001; pp: 415-6.

Zhang, L-Q, Minorik, JM, Lin, F, Koh, JL, Makhsous, M., and Bai, Z. (2001) ACL strain during simulated free-speed walking. 25^th Annual Meeting of the ASB, 2001; pp: 365-6.

Makhsous, M., Lin, A., Zhang, L.-Q., Armstrong, B., Taylor, S. (2001) Sitting with Reduced Ischial Load. Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 2001 Annual Conference, pp: 328-30.

Makhsous, M., Lin A.F., Zhang, L-Q. (2001) Passive and Active Contributions to Glenohumeral Stability. 23^rd Annual International Conference of the IEEE, Oct. 2001 Istanbul.

Lin, A.F., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Nuber, G., Press, J., Chang, A., Zhang, L-Q. In vivo Patellar Tracking in Patellar Malaligned Knees. 48^th annual meeting of Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb 2002.

Levin, S.D., Nuber, G.W., Koh, J.L., Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., and Zhang, L-Q. BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF PARTIAL ROTATOR CUFF TEAR AND ITS SURGICAL REPAIR. American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons, ASWS 2002 Specialty Day Meeting, Dallas, Texas, Feb 16, 2002 & 2002 3^rd Biennial Shoulder and Elbow Meeting.

Huang, J.M., Lin, A.F., Makhsous, M., Zhang, L-Q, Wiedrich, T.A. A biomechanical comparison of ultrasonic suture welding to traditional techniques for flexor tendon repair. Northwestern Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Twenty-Fourth Annual Resident Alumni Thesis Day, May 3, 2002, Chicago

Butcher, W.M., Makhsous, M., Harder, V.S., Lee, G.H., Kelikian, A.S Plafondplasty for increased exposure in osteochondral autograft transplantation to the talar dome. Northwestern Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Twenty-Fourth Annual Resident Alumni Thesis Day, May 3, 2002, Chicago

Nam, E.K., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Chou, P., Caravelli, M., Bowen, M.K., Nuber, G., Zhang, L-Q. Comparison of Osteochondral Transplantation and Untreated Full-Thickness Defects in a Rabbit Model. Northwestern Medical School, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Twenty-Fourth Annual Resident Alumni Thesis Day, May 3, 2002, Chicago

Nam, E.K., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Chou, P., Caravelli, M., Bowen, M.K., Nuber, G., Zhang, L-Q. Osteochondral Transfer in a Rabbit Model: A Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation. Mid-America Orthopaedic Association, April 24-28, 2002; Tucson, AZ

Nam, E.K., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Chou, P., Caravelli, M., Bowen, M.K., Nuber, G., Zhang, L-Q. Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of Osteochondral Plug Transplantation in a Rabbit Model. 4^th Symposium of International Cartilage Repair Society, 15-18 June 2002, Toronto, Canada.

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Zhang, L-Q. Passive and Active Glenohumeral Joint Stiffness. 4^th meeting of the International Shoulder Group, June 17-18, 2002, Cleveland, Ohio; pp: 41-44.

Zhang, L-Q., Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Koh, J., Nuber, G. W., Levin, S. Biomechanical Analysis of Partial Thickness Tear of the Supraspinatus Tendon Under Static and Dynamic Loading. 4^th meeting of the International Shoulder Group, Cleveland, Ohio, June 17-18, 2002; pp: 37-40

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Brizzell, J.T., Koh, J.L., Zhang, L-Q. IN VIVO & NONINVASIVE LOAD SHARING AMONG QUADRICEPS COMPONENTS IN PATELLAR MALALIGNMENT. 4^th World Congress of Biomechanics, August 4-9, 2002 Calgary, Canada.

Lin, A.F., Makhsous, M., Zhang, L-Q. IN VIVO PATELLAR TRACKING IN PATELLAR MALALIGNED KNEES. 4^th World Congress of Biomechanics, August 4-9, 2002 Calgary, Canada. (File:?)

Makhsous, M., Lin, A., Fung, D., Zhang L.-Q. (2002) Modeling of ACL Impingement using SIMM. 4^th World Congress of Biomechanics, August 4-9, 2002 Calgary, Canada.

Nam, E.K., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Chou, P., Caravelli, M., Bowen, M.K., Nuber, G., Zhang, L-Q. Biomechanical and Histological Evaluation of Osteochondral Transplantation in a Rabbit Model. AOSSM 29^th Annual Meeting, July 20 - 23, 2003, San Diego, CA

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Hendrix, R.W., Hepler, M., Zhang, L.-Q. (2003) Biomechanical effects of altering ischial and back support using a new sitting design. 49^th annual meeting of Orthopaedic Research Society, Feb 2-5, 2003, New Orleans, LA (Poster #1098).

Zhang, L-Q., Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Levin, S., Koh, J., Nuber, G. W. Biomechanical Analysis of Partial Thickness Tear of the Supraspinatus Tendon. 2nd European Medical & Biological Conference December 4-8, 2002, Vienna, Austria.

Fang Lin, Mohsen. Makhsous, Jason L. Koh, and Li-Qun Zhang, Patellar Maltracking in Patellar Malaligned Knees Using an In Vivo and Noninvasive Method. 27^th Annual meeting of AOSSM 2003, San Diego, CA

Makhsous, M., Patel, J.C., Lin, F., Hendrix, R.W., Zhang, L-Q. (2003) Sitting Pressure in a Wheelchair with Adjustable Ischial and Back Supports.   Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 26th International Conference, 2003, Atlanta, GA.

Chang, A.H., Lin, A.F., Makhsous, M., Koh, J., Zhang, L-Q. Patellar tracking induced by selective activation of vastus medialis oblique and vastus lateralis in subjects with patellofemoral pain syndrome. Journal of Orthopaedic and Sports Physical Therapy. 33(2): page A10, Feb., 2003

Makhsous, M., Lin, A.F., Hendrix, R.W., Hepler, M., Zhang, L-Q. Sitting with reduced ischial load. Design and Health, World Congress and Exhibition, Montreal 25-29 June, 2003.(Poster #48)

Makhsous, M., Patel J., Lin F., Hendrix R.W., Zhang L. Sitting Pressure In a Wheelchair With Adjustable Ischial and Back Supports. Chicago Universities Bioengineering Industry Consortium (CUBIC) 2003 Annual Conference.

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Patel, J.C., Hendrix, R.W., Zhang, L-Q., Rymer, W.Z. (2003) Tissue perfusion and blood flow response in a wheelchair with adjustable ischial and back support. 27^th Annual Meeting of the ASB; Toledo, September 25-27 2003.

Makhsous, M., Patel, J., Lin, F., Hendrix, R. W., Hepler M. Ischial Skin Temperature and Transcutaneous O2 and CO2 Relative to Sitting Pressure In a Wheelchair With Adjustable Ischial and Back Supports. Under Graduate Research Symposium, May 2003.

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Patel, J., Taylor, E, Taylor, S., Rymer, W. Z. "Computerized Pressure Relief Seating System in a Wheelchair with Adjustable Ischial and Lumbar Support", Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 26^th International Conference. 2003, Atlanta, GA.

Makhsous, M., Lin, F., Patel, J., Taylor, E., Hartwig, D., Rymer, W. Z. Comparative effects of an alternating pressure relief system on tissue perfusion and skin temperature, 3^rd Annual Meeting R24, 13-15 June, Harrison Conferencing Center, IL. 2003

Makhsous, M., Patel, J., Lin, F., Zhang, L-Q., Rymer, W. Z. Automated control of varying ischial and lumbar support in preventing pressure ulcers, 3^rd Annual Meeting R24, 13-15 June, Harrison Conferencing Center, IL. 2003.

Makhsous, M., Fang Lin, Mary Zeigler, Diane Hartwig, Susan Taylor, Jessica Pedersen, "Alternating Ischial Supports as a Method of Preventing the Instance of Pressure Ulcers" Clinical Symposium on Advances in Skin & Wound Care, October 16-19, 2003, Chicago, IL, USA. (Poster #116) 

Makhsous, M., Crowther, Z., Lin, F., Taylor, E., Patel, J., Taylor, S., Pedersen, J. "Reducing the risk of Whole-Body Vibration injury in a Car Seat using a New Seating Design", 20^th International Seating Symposium, March 4-6, 2004, Vancouver, Canada.

Butcher, W.M., Makhsous, M., Harder, V.S., Lee, G.H., Kelikian, A.S. Plafondplasty for increased exposure in osteochondral autograft transplantation to the talar dome. AAOS 71^st annual meeting scientific program, March 10-14, 2004, San Francisco, California, Poster #P439

Makhsous, M., Crowther, Z., Lin, F., Nam, E., Hendrix, R. W. Reducing whole-body vibration and improving posture with a new seating design for professional drivers. Premus 2004, 5^th Int. Scientific Conference on, Prevention of Workrelated Musculoskeletal Disorders. June 2004, Switzerland

Makhsous, M., Bankard J, Lin F, Taylor S, Pedersen J, Hilb J, Hendrix RW. (2004) Lung Capacity and Airflow Change Due to Different Sitting Posture. Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 27th International Conference. June 20-22, 2004, Orlando, FL.

Taylor E, Lin F, Bankard J, Thomas T, Makhsous, M. (2004) Performance of Manual Propulsion in Wheelchair Bound Patients Using a New Seating Design.  Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 27^th International Conference. June 20-22, 2004, Orlando, FL.

Makhsous, M., Patel J, Lin F, Hendrix R, Nam E, Bankard J.(2004) Reduce Skin Temperature Elevation Using an Alternating Ischial Support Wheelchair.  Rehabilitation Engineering and Assistive Technology Society of North America, 27^th International Conference. June 20-22, 2004, Orlando, FL.

Lin F., Moran B., Bankard J., Hendrix R, Makhsous, M., (2004) A subject-specific FEM model for evaluating buttock tissue response under sitting load.  26^th Annual International Conference of IEEE EMBS, Sept 1-5, 2004, San Francisco, CA.

Lin F., Crowther Z., Makhsous M., (2004) Reducing whole-body vibration of vehicle drivers with a new sitting concept.  26^th Annual International Conference of IEEE EMBS, Sept 1-5, 2004, San Francisco, CA.

Makhsous M, Lin F, Taylor E., Thomas T, Ruberte L., Hendrix R, Effects of  a New Seating concept on  wheelchair usage, pulmonary function and whole-body vibration, BME research Day, Oct 21, 2004

Makhsous M, Lin F, Sun, Q., Taylor S., Pucci D., Bankard J, Hartwig D., Zeigler M., Tissue Response under Different Loading Conditions, BME research Day, Oct 21, 2004

Makhsous M, Lin F, Taylor S., Pucci D., Bankard J, Hartwig D., Zeigler M., Advancements in Tissue Response to Wheelchair Sitting, Research Poster Alumni, Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Oct, 2004

Makhsous M, Lin F, Taylor E., Thomas T, Ruberte L., Hendrix R, Evaluation of a New Seating Concept with Adjustable Ischial and Back Support, Research Poster Alumni, Physical Therapy and Human Movement Sciences, Oct, 2004

Butcher, W.M., Makhsous, M., Harder, V.S., Lee, G.H., Kelikian, A.S. Plafondplasty for increased exposure in osteochondral autograft transplantation to the talar dome. AAOS 71^st annual meeting scientific program, March 10-14, 2004, San Francisco, California, Poster #P439

Makhsous, M., Crowther, Z., Lin, F., Taylor, E., Patel, J., Taylor, S., Pedersen, J. “Reducing the risk of Whole-Body Vibration injury in a Car Seat using a New Seating Design”, 20^th International Seating Symposium, March 4-6, 2004, Vancouver, Canada

Makhsous, M., Lin, A., Hendrix, R., Nam, D., MacDonald, M., Wixson, R. ANATOMICAL LANDMARKING IDENTIFICATION IN THA AND EFFECTS ON COMPONENT ALIGNMENT, 51^st Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, February 20 - 23, 2005, Washington, D.C.

Mohsen Makhsous, Fang Lin, Susan Taylor, Mary Ziegler, Diane Hartwig, RN, William Rymer, Local Tissue Perfusion Recovery using an Automated Seating System Featuring Dynamic Ischial Unloading. International seating symposium, 2005.

Sun Q, Lin F, Al-Saeedea S, Ruberte L, Nam E, Hendrix R, Makhsous M. Soft Tissue Stress in Buttock-Thigh of a Seated Individual Elucidated by a 3D FE Model ,  RESNA 28^th Int. Conf., June 23-27 2005 

Fang Lin, Susan Taylor, Deborah Pucci, James Bankard, Lissette Ruberte, Mohsen Makhsous. Flexible and User- Adjustable Lumbar-Pelvic-Thoracic Support System for Wheelchair Seating, RESNA 28^th Int. Conf., June 25-27, 2005 

Qunli Sun, Fang Lin, Sam Al-Saeede, Lissette Ruberte, Ellis Nam, Ronald Hendrix, Mohsen Makhsous. FINITE ELEMENT MODELING OF HUMAN BUTTOCK-THIGH TISSUE IN A SEATED POSTURE, 2005 Summer Bioengineering Conference, June 22-26, Vail Cascade Resort & Spa, Vail, Colorado

Qunli Sun, Fang Lin, Lissette Ruberte, Ellis Nam, Ronald Hendrix, Mohsen Makhsous. FE MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF COMPRESSED HUMAN BUTTOCK-THIGH TISSUE ,ISB/ABS 2005.

Lin, F., Taylor, Susan Johnson, Pucci, Deborah L. Makhsous, M., A FLEXIBLE AND USER- ADJUSTABLE LUMBAR-PELVIC-THORACIC SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR WHEELCHAIR SEATING, 2005 INT’L CONFERENCE ON POSTURE AND WHEELED MOBILITY; EXETER, ENGLAND

Wixson, R. L., Makhsous, M., Lim, D., Lin, F., MacDonald, M., Hendrix, R., (2006). "Pelvic Plane Comparison" Annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) (paper #1453).

Wixson, R. L., Makhsous, M., Lim, D., Lin, F., MacDonald, M., Hendrix, R., (2006). "Computer Assisted Navigation with Total Hip Arthroplasty: A prospective, randomized study." 73^rd Annual meeting of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons (AAOS) (paper #210), March 8-12, 2006.

Lin, F., Lim, D., Hendrix, R.W., MacDonald, M., Wixson, R.L., Makhsous, M., DESCRIPTION OF PELVIC ORIENTATION THROUGH PLAIN IMAGES AND ITS ACCURACY, 52^nd  Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006 - Chicago, IL, Poster-#454 

Lim, D., Lin, F., Hendrix, R., MacDonald, M., Wixson, R.L., Makhsous, M., PREDICTION OF POTENTIAL ACETABULAR COMPONENT MISALIGNMENT DUE TO INACCURATE PELVIC PLANE DETERMINATION IN NAVIGATED TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (THA), 52^nd  Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006 - Chicago, IL, Poster-#455  

Lim, D., Lin, F., Hendrix, R., MacDonald, M., Wixson, R.L., Makhsous, M., VARIATIONS OF THE ANTERIOR FRONTAL PELVIC PLANE AND PATIENT POSITIONING IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY(THA),  52^nd  Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006 - Chicago, IL, Poster-#453 

Makhsous, M., Lim, D., Lin, F., Hendrix, R., Milos, S., MacDonald, M., Nam D., Wixson, R., EVALUATING THE ACCURACY OF COMPUTER ASSISTED NAVIGATION SYSTEM IN THA: CADAVER STUDY, 52^nd  Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006 - Chicago, IL,Poster-#456 

Wixson, R.L., Lim, D., Lin, F., Hendrix, R.W., MacDonald, M., Makhsous, M. A COMPARISON OF THE CONVENTIONAL (MANUAL) AND A COMPUTER-ASSISTED NAVIGATION METHOD IN TOTAL HIP ARTHROPLASTY (THA), 52^nd Annual Meeting of the Orthopaedic Research Society, March 19-22, 2006 - Chicago, IL,PAPER #184 

Lim, D., Lin, F., Hendrix, R., Makhsous, M. Finite Element Analysis for Evaluation of Internal Mechanical Responses in Buttock Structure in a True Sitting Posture: Development and Validation.   RESNA 29^th Int. Conf., June 22-26, 2006

Nathan Coomer, Lance Labno, Michelle Carlevato, Lynnea Pemberton, Jane Quach, Evan McLeod, Fang Lin, Mohsen Makhsous, Reaching Performance Using a New Seat Design in Wheelchair Users with Spinal Cord Injury. RESNA 29^th Int. Conf., June 22-26, 2006

Mohsen Makhsous, James Bankard, Mary Zeigler, Diane Hartwig, Evan Knaus, Christine Morton, Fang Lin, Pressure Ulcer Wound Healing Using a New Pressure Relief Seating Design in Wheelchair Users with SCI, RESNA 29^th Int. Conf., June 22-26, 2006

Makhsous, M, Lin, F., Nam, E. IAPRS: Intelligent Automatic Pressure Release Seat, BIO ENGINEERING CHICAGO 2006.